Communication †Differences Between Men and Women Free Essays

Correspondence †Differences Between Men and Women According to Fiona Sheridan, â€Å"The results of contrasts in etymological movement among people in the work environment are tremendous (2007). † Women make sentiments of closeness by chatting with their companions or friends and family. They tend to impart by agreement. We will compose a custom article test on Correspondence †Differences Between Men and Women or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This implies, they utilize the data assembled by other ladies and settle on a choice dependent on the desires of the gathering. â€Å"Men, then again, try to set up and keep up status and predominance (Tannen, 1990). † At the point when correspondence isn't viable, it can have serious results on an association. Every sexual orientation must choose what it is that they are searching for, choose how they need to get it, what request they need to get it, and choose how they need to process it. We should understand that every correspondence style has certain qualities. â€Å"To have fruitful working associations with individuals from the other gender, you likewise need to know why those distinctions matter and what to do about them. † (Kelley, 2010, p13) Both types of people can contribute and offer a great deal. Margery Weinstein said all that needed to be said when she said that, â€Å"Each sex is a culture unto itself, one that accompanies certain standards and guidelines that can be misconstrued by those of the other gender (Weinstein, 2006, p8). † Below are a few contrasts in the manner ladies and men impart: Ways Women convey: 1)Women almost certain discussion to other ladies about issues. 2)Women are more relationship situated. 3)Woman offer encounters and pose inquiries. Ways Men convey: 1)Men remain quiet about issues. )Status and strength are critical to men. 3)Men give data instead of pose inquiries. There is certainly an effect in the work environment when there is a distinction in correspondence among people. The distinction in the correspondence styles can prompt disarray between the two gatherings. This can make pointless strain between the two sexual orientations. The key is to understand that either sex can viably impart as long as they are similarly substantial in getting the message transferred to its expected objective. Conversation The fundamental theme was whether there was a distinction in how men ladies convey and whether it has an effect in the working environment. â€Å"Beyond sexual orientation related correspondence contrasts, familiarity with sex related correspondence hindrances may assume a key job in the adequacy of correspondence (Schneider, 2007). † It would demonstrate advantageous for organizations to show their representatives how to have viable correspondence when sexual orientation might be included. The main part of my examination was finished by using data accumulated from the web and ProQuest. Significant understanding was gathered on this point. Numerous individuals do accept there are contrasts in how the two sexes convey. â€Å"If we consider both correspondence styles and related qualities by and by, we will expand odds surprisingly speaking to either style to join the correspondence procedure, paying little heed to their sexual orientation (Rawluszko, 2009, p54). † ? Instructions to refer to Communication †Differences Between Men and Women, Papers

My Impression of the Usa Essays

My Impression of the Usa Essays My Impression of the Usa Paper My Impression of the Usa Paper From the outset I need to state I love America! Also, my impression of it is acceptable. I got this preference for America since; I have cousins who live there. One of them: Anne-Marie, returned home to Denmark this mid year, to visit the family. She was benevolent and amenable, and I thought it was fascinating to converse with her, since she informed me regarding their various societies, standards and so forth. At the point when I conversed with her I likewise got the Impression that the structure of the Government, their laws and the manner in which individuals identify with one another has retreat Influence on the individual, and Its activities and mentalities. Anne-Merle likewise revealed to me a ton about the Indians and Cowboys. So now when I hear the words: The US of America, I think In my mind: The place where there is the free, and the home for the exquisite race! The second thing that everything over yonder Is greater contrasted with Denmark. Or on the other hand I journey so: the burgers are greater, the volume size of tidbits, their homes is extremely tremendous. The individuals are bigger lastly their vehicles are greater. I surmise the vehicles are more than twice as large as Danish vehicles. Perhaps everything is greater over yonder in light of the fact that here and there, America is a more modernized nation than for example Denmark is. One reason could be that America is the most remarkable among the in fact propelled nations on the planet today. Bury alai in light of the fact that their military, the pentagon and all the encryption, and a great deal of the profoundly mainstream brands, for example, Apple, likewise originates from America. Furthermore, Americas effect on the forming of universal relations is completely inestimable. Be that as it may, America is a huge nation and its kin occasion so far demonstrated a lot of enthusiasm for incredible worldwide issues, among which huge issue the an Earth-wide temperature boost is today. However, in spite of this, I will clarify that America has delightful qualities and I think they have a prosperous nation. [ 1. * I got this inclination for America since I have cousins who live there. Egg hard feigner colon after in light of the fact that, father diet squeeze watcher naturalist at freshâ ¦eve pointed/hoversâ ¦twinge p denned mDe. [2]. * Compared to Denmark everything in America is greater. Heel sâ ¦twinge differ lady, Egg hard fear unformulated cave invasion. 1. * Including in light of the fact that their military, the pentagon and all the encryption, and a great deal of the profoundly well known brands, for example, Apple, likewise originate from America. Father Inter all change Lilt studentships at burger denned sandmen ¦Eng, hard Egg expressed bruit reque st Including. Go Veda comes ere deer harmonious fell, father oppressed go verbally Eke passer sailors. Diet gifted at comes SSTr I fleeter go America SSTr I mental. Fear feigner Egg compliments - set far comes, s diet belier TTL mental polish come. My Impression of the Usa By dashing quality various societies, standards and so forth. At the point when I conversed with her I likewise got the feeling that the incredible effect on the individual, and its activities and mentalities. Anne-Marie additionally revealed to me a great deal about the Indians and Cowboys. So now when I hear the words: The United States of America, I think in my mind: The place where there is the free, and the home for The second thing that everything over yonder is greater contrasted with Denmark. Or then again I tremendous, the individuals are bigger lastly their vehicles are greater. I surmise the vehicles are more [ 1 ]. * I got this inclination for America since I have cousins who live there. Egg AR feigner colon after on the grounds that, father diet squeeze watcher naturalist at freshâ ¦eve pointed/[ 3 * Including on the grounds that their military, the pentagon and all the encryption, and a great deal of the profoundly mainstream brands, for example, Apple, likewise originate from America. Father Inter alai change lilt studentship at burger I denned sandmen ¦Eng, hard Egg I expressed bruit request including. Go Veda comes ere deer compatible fell, father oppressed go verbally squeeze passer sailors. Diet talented at comes SSTr I fleeter go America SSTr I mental. Dread feigner Egg compliments - set far comes, s diet belier till mental Nellie come.

Sample Annotated Bibliography APA

Sample Annotated Bibliography APASample annotated bibliography, APA has a long and distinguished history. The Association of Professional Academic Writing Association was formed in 1971. Initially the aim was to develop standards for research articles, dissertation and dissertations. In 1991, the Association of Professional Academic Writers was set up.For the academic writing industry, sample annotated bibliography APA has emerged as an accepted practice. It can be found in many online sources such as textbooks and dissertations. Many publishers now publish their own annotated bibliography and assign it for assignments, due diligence or for students. The big change that marked the development of the practice was the attitude of the academic editors toward its use. It is said that the founding members of the Association of Professional Academic Writers adopted the use of sample annotated bibliography APA as the principle and practice for all their publications.The work of Abraham Linc oln was published in a number of editions. His will be a landmark publication in American politics and included annotations for the entire work. It did not make sense to do a general biographical dictionary without annotations. Subsequently, the annotation work became prominent.A general biography of Abraham Lincoln based on biographical records was published. The annotated bibliography APA provided a method for the editor to express his own ideas for which the writers were accountable to the reader. Today this is the standard practice in many academic journals.The English Department at the University of Michigan introduced the first major introduction to a work, which came as a reference book. These books included annotations for each chapter of the introduction. It was designed to include the author's name and date of publication, and also his affiliation. The introduction used an approach similar to that of the sample annotated bibliography APA. The annotated bibliography format was widely adopted and the term 'abridged' has been coined to refer to this type of book.Many of the most important American leaders have published their autobiography, including Abraham Lincoln. They too wrote annotated bibliography APA, making the format even more commonly used. In fact, every presidential candidate released their manuscript and they have been published as an annotated bibliography format with annotations for each chapter.The annotated bibliography books developed a place in the English department at Yale University. The editor knew that this material was the only one that he would have access to for six months, so his habit was to edit and prepare the book as soon as possible. He made sure that it had a formatted reference table, and although he could not include notes, he kept in mind the reference format and produced an annotated bibliography APA version of the text.It was in the early twentieth century that the major editors started annotating books to support their point of view. Authors have a choice of using sample annotated bibliography APA or writing an original text. If they select the latter, they have to make use of the already annotated bibliography format to support their idea. They can use it to support their viewpoint or they can start from scratch.

Maud Wood Park Woman Suffragist

Dates: January 25, 1871 - May 8, 1955 Known for: the first president of the League of Women Voters; credited with organizing success for the Nineteenth Amendment through her lobbying skill Maud Wood Park Biography Maud Wood Park was born Maud Wood, daughter of Mary Russell Collins and James Rodney Wood. She was born and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where she attended school until she went to  St. Agnes School in Albany, New York. She taught school for five years and then attended Radcliffe College, graduating in 1898 summa cum laude. She became active in the woman suffrage movement, one of only two students in her class of 72 to favor women voting. When she was a teacher in Bedford, Massachusetts, before she started college, she became secretly engaged to Charles Park, who boarded at the same home she did.   They married, also secretly, while she was at Radcliffe. They lived near Denison House, a Boston settlement house, where Maud Wood Park became involved in social reform. He died in 1904. From her time as a student, she was active in the Massachusetts Suffrage  League. Three years after graduation, she was a co-founder of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government, which worked both for suffrage and for government reform. She helped organize chapters of the College Equal Suffrage League. In 1909, Maud Wood Park found a sponsor, Pauline Agassiz Shaw, who funded her travel abroad in exchange for agreeing to work for three years for the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government. Just before she left, she married, again secretly, and this marriage was not publicly acknowledged. This husband, Robert Hunter, was a theatrical manager who traveled frequently, and the two did not live together. On returning, Park resumed her suffrage work, including organizing for a Massachusetts referendum on woman suffrage. She became friends with Carrie Chapman Catt, head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1916, Park was invited by the National American Woman Suffrage Association to head its lobbying committee in Washington, D.C.   Alice Paul was, by this time, working with the Womans Party and advocating for more militant tactics, creating tension within the suffrage movement. The House of Representatives passed the suffrage amendment in 1918, and the Senate defeated the amendment by two votes. The suffrage movement targeted Senate races in several states, and womens organizing helped defeat senators from Massachusetts and New Jersey, sending pro-suffrage senators to Washington in their places. In 1919, the suffrage amendment won the House vote easily and then passed the Senate, sending the amendment to the states, where it was ratified in 1920. After the Suffrage Amendment Park helped turn the National American Woman Suffrage Association from a suffrage organization into a more general organization promoting education among women voters and lobbying on womens rights. The new name was the League of Women Voters, a nonpartisan organization designed to help train women to exercise their new citizenship rights. Park helped create, with Ethel Smith, Mary Stewart, Cora Baker, Flora Sherman and others the Special Committee, the lobbying arm that won the Sheppard-Towner Act. She lectured on womens rights and politics, and helped lobby for the World Court and against the Equal Rights Amendment, fearing the latter would do away with protective legislation for women, one of the causes Park was interested in. She was also involved in winning the Cable Act of 1922, giving citizenship to married women independent of their husbands citizenship. She worked against child labor. In 1924, ill health led to her resignation from the League of Women Voters, continuing to lecture and to volunteer time working for womens rights. She was succeeded at the League of Women Voters by Belle Sherwin. In 1943, in retirement in Maine, she donated her papers to Radcliffe College as the core of a Womens Archive. This evolved into the Schlesinger Library.   She moved in 1946 back to Massachusetts  and died in 1955.

Materials And Methods For Afm Adhesion Measurements

4. Materials and Methods for AFM Adhesion Measurements 4.1. Materials Paraformaldehyde (4% in 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer Saline), 1 Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and Muscovite Mica (V-1 Quality) were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA). Coverslips (No.1.5 thickness) were purchased from MatTek Corporation (Ashland, MA). MDA-MB-231 and Hs578Bst cell lines, growth media (L-15 fand 46-X, respectively), and media supplements (penicillin/streptomycin and fetal bovine serum) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Uncoated n-doped silicon AFM probes (MPP-31100) were purchased from Bruker (Billerica, MA). 4.2. AFM Tip Preparation AFM tips were functionalized using a simple†¦show more content†¦The breast cancer cells were incubated at 37  °C under normal atmospheric pressure, while the normal breast cancer cells were incubated at 37  °C in environments with 5% CO2 levels, respectively. The MDA-MB-231 and Hs578bst cells were grown respectively in L-15 or 46-X base media. These were supplemented with 100 I.U./ml penicillin/100 ÃŽ ¼g/ml streptomycin and 10% FBS. The cells were first rinsed with 1X PBS and then fixed with 4 wt% paraformaldehyde solution for 10 mins at room temperature. They were then rinsed with PBS solution for three more times, before a final rinse with purified water. Finally, the samples were dried in a vacuum desiccator for at least 5 hours. 4.4. AFM tip Characterization An FEI Quanta 200 FEG Environmental-SEM (FEI, Hillsboro, OR) was used to view the AFM tips before and after coating. This was done to determine whether or not the AFM tips were successfully dip-coated. The tips were also viewed in the ESEM after the pull-off tests. This was done to ensure that no coating was lost during the AFM pull-off. 4.5. Force-Displacement Measurements All of the AFM experiments were performed in a Dimension NanoMan AFM (Bruker, Billerica, MA). This was done under ambient conditions at room temperature of 24  °C and a relative humidity of 45%. The photo-detector sensitivity was calibrated on a hard mica surface. The adhesive forces were measured for the following configurations: (1) bare tips and normal

Essay about Search and Seizure in the Public Schools

Search Seizure in the Public Schools To fully understand the role and related responsibilities of search and seizure in the public schools, the Constitutional rights of the students and case law must be examined. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution states: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The intent of the Fourth Amendment is to guarantee security against unreasonable governmental searches. Because school officials are actually†¦show more content†¦The Court ruled that it did not violate students federal or state constitutional rights to be free from unreasonable searches. The Court reasoned that the state, as schoolmaster of children, must exercise a degree of supervision and control greater than it could exercise over adults. They also said that public school children have lesser privacy expectations with regard to medical examinations and procedures than the general population, and student athletes have even less legitimate privacy expec tation. The school district had immediate and legitimate concern in preventing student athletes from using drugs. Metal Detector Searches: No case has been brought to the Supreme Court level regarding metal detectors used to search students. In the case, People v. Pruitt , the Illinois appellate court held that searching students entering a school with a metal detector required no individual suspicion. The use of metal detectors should be communicated to all students and parents before implementation. Police Dog Searches The case of Horton v. Goose Creek I.S.D. held that the use of canines to sniff lockers and cars did not constitute a search. This court also ruled, however, that the use of canines to search students must only be done if there is individualized suspicion. Due to many other issues which could complicate the search, such as allergies,Show MoreRelatedSearch and Seizure in Public Schools Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesPurpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss public school districts limits on hate speech and reconcile those limits with the decision in Tinker v. Des Moines. Importance to Education To avoid disturbance and disruption and to create and maintain a safe learning environment, public schools often adopt policies that forbid certain acts on the part of students. Included in many of these policies are prohibitions on hate speech. The opinion of the court in Tinker v. Des MoinesRead MorePolice Conduct A Search And Seizure At A Public School Initiated By School Officials1975 Words   |  8 Pagesconduct a search and seizure at a public school initiated by school officials? 2. Do police have authority to use a search warrant as grounds to enter and search for activity on tribal property? 3. Will evidence found outside the parameters of a warrant be admissible? 4. Are illegal substances permitted for religious Indian ceremonies? 5. Is there recovery for damages against police and prosecuting attorney for the irreplaceable destruction of religious artifacts during an illegal search on tribalRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Act Of The United States1378 Words   |  6 PagesBill of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. In the landmark cases below, the cases went to court because the defendant accused law enforcement of violating their Fourth Amendment Rights. 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The university conducted a survey to get knowledge from the students about abusing illegal substances such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamineRead MoreFourth Amendment : Search And Seizure963 Words   |  4 PagesFourth Amendment: Search and Seizure The Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure was passed by Congress on September 25, 1789 and ratified December 15, 1791. The Fourth Amendment provides, [t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the personsRead MoreHigh School Students Should Not Be Granted Greater Privacy On School Property1286 Words   |  6 PagesRiley Heerbrandt and Cade Davidson Ms. Sullivan English 3 March 3, 2016 Debate Paper High School Students Should Not be Granted Greater Privacy Rights on School Property Safety is, †the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury† (â€Å"Dictionary†, n.d.). That is what locker searches provide for schools. With the early case of New Jersey v. T.L.O, a teacher caught a 14 year old girl smoking a cigarette in the bathroom. This led the teacher to send the girl to the principalRead More New Jersey V. T.L.O. Essays1346 Words   |  6 Pages The Fourth Amendment to the constitution protects United States citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. Our forefathers recognized the harm and abuses that occurred in the colonies to innocent people by the British, and they made sure to write protections into the U.S. Constitution. Fearing the police state that any nation has the potential to become and recognizing that freedom and liberty is meaningless when victimization by the police is a real and foreboding threat the Fourth AmendmentRead MoreFourth Amendment Of United States Constitution1139 Words   |  5 Pagesaway by authorities without proper authorization. If any government official or agent want to search an individual or their belongings, they should have proper reason to do that and get permission from the judge. Fourth amendment of United States constitution states that it is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by OathRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Second Amendment1694 Words   |  7 Pagesof Rights. The Fourth Amendment is made to protect people from unlawful searches and seizures. This means that the police can t search a person’s house without a warrant or probable cause. The founders of the Fourth amendment believed that freedom from government intrusion into one’s home is a natural right and fundamental to liberty. The idea of this is to protected citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. However,the Fourth Amendment has been debated for the last several years, as policeRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of United Nations Constitution1649 Words   |  7 Pages1. Fourth Amendment: Under the fourth amendment of United Nations constitution the people have a right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. Warrants would not be issued, unless based on a cause and supported by an oath or affirmation with detailed description of the place to be searched and the things or persons to be seized. The aim of this amendment is to protect the right to privacy of the people and freedom of intrusions from

Case Analysis Sunflower Incorporated free essay sample

This case focuses on the planned change program that was implemented on the financial reporting system of Sunflower Incorporated, a large distribution company which resells salty snack foods and liquor. It also focuses on the management of the change program that was implemented to monitor pricing and purchasing decisions. Issues: †¢The major issue that this case highlights is manipulation in products in some regions to increase the sale and the profit of the company. The other issue is ineffectiveness in implementing the change program that Agnes Albanese initiated. †¢Inability to maintain the sustainability of the change program as even after agreeing with the change program, not a single regional executive bother to send the pricing and purchasing report. Analysis: After Sunflower began to use financial reporting system that compared sales, costs, and profit across regions, management found out that there was lack of congruence between the pricing and purchasing decision s across regions. Due to this, profit varied widely from one region to other. The head office encouraged each region to be autonomous because of taste and practices, the management found that highly profitable regions were sometimes using low-quality items to boost profit margins and increase the market share. Here, Leon Steelman has acted as the initiator of the change who hired Agnes Albanese as the change agent for the change program. The nature of change was the planned change to bring about congruence in the pricing and purchasing decisions across regions. Analysis of the Change Process according to the Change Management Model: Sunflower incorporated initiation for change program was a reasonable step but the process of change program was ineffective. According to change management model, Albanese needed to consider certain parameters that deterred the change process. Motivating change: She had inadequate analysis and resources which failed to establish clarity of the outcomes to the executives. She only considered the existing problems and created a vision for change. Creating vision: There was inadequate supply of information, and lack of coordination from the regional executives regarding purchasing and pricing decisions. Therefore she was unable to create a clear vision regarding the importance of the change program. Developing political support: Participatory approach was lacking while designing the change program. Thus there was lack of ownership. For a change to be effective identification of the key players whose support is required for success is an important aspect to be fulfilled but Albanese refused to visit the regions to discuss the purchasing and pricing policies with the executives giving the reason that the trips would be expensive and time consuming. Also there was no personal motivational reason for regional executives to pursue the change program. Managing the transition: Albanese was not able to manage the transition from the current state to the desired future state. It required creating an effective plan for managing the change activities as well as planning special managing structure for operating the organization during the transition. During the transition state the communication medium i. e. sending email used was inappropriate and there was no adequate exchange of information between Albanese and regional executives. Sustaining momentum: The change management program also involves the activities towards sustaining and completion of the change program through reinforcement of the new behaviors needed to implement the changes but there was no activities towards reinforcement of the new behavior among the regions. Similarly, the pushing forces that were prevalent were: 1. Top management pressure 2. Other brands were pushing hard to increase market share by cutting prices and launching new products. Hence this had created competitor’s pressure. 3. Profitability needs. From the force field analysis it is known that there are more restraining forces than pushing forces prevalent in the system making the change program ineffective. Albanese was able to unfreeze the existing situation and create an environment in which executives accepted the need for change. She was also able to move the behavior of the regional executives in the desired direction but failed to freeze the change that was desired as there were prevalent restraining forces than pushing forces. The other thing contributing to the failure of the change program was that change process was initiated during the peak sale season which was an inappropriate time for the implementation for the change program. Recommendations and suggestions: Albanese approach may be typical for many organizations but unfortunately it doesnt return anticipated results for numerous reasons. Organizational development theory tells us that change, in order to be effective, must be led and managed. Albanese only provided a quick solution to what she regarded as a simple problem while making no efforts to establish a change plan that would have included such elements as providing the leadership and vision to promote the change, cultural assessment to align behavioral norms, communication and stakeholder management, performance management, training and development, and the impact of the change on the organizational structure. In order to make the change program a success, Albanese should have taken following measures: †¢Proper analysis of the resources should be done to establish clarity of outcomes so as to get support from the regional executives. †¢As suggested by Mobley, she should have personally visited the regions and discussed purchasing and pricing policies with the executives so that refreezing of the change would have been possible. Effective communication medium should be used to enhance coordination from the regional executives. †¢She should have institutionalized the change by passing through the board meeting. †¢She should have used participatory approach while designing the change program which would have developed ownership among the regional executives so that they support the change. †¢She should have considered personnel motivational factors while implementing the change program.

Policy Recommendation free essay sample

The difficulty with any definition of poverty involves the meaning of minimum needs and the amount of money required to satisfy these needs. (Ansel M. Sharp, 2010) Those in poverty sometimes face an additional obstacle to earning an adequate income. Discrimination as we use it means that equals are treated unequally or that the ‘unequal’s are treated equally. Discrimination exists in the labor market when people with equal productivity are paid different wages or people with differences in productivity are paid equal wages. Discrimination can also exist in the product market when consumers pay different prices for the same product. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Discuss the major impact to society of the problem. In 2001, some six-point-eight million families, or nine-point-two percent of all families, lived in poverty. This translates into more than thirty-two-point-nine million individuals, a staggering number to many Americans who have never been personally touched by poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Recommendation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, some have characterized those who live in poverty as the hidden poor. Studies have shown that there is a significant turnover in the poverty population: Families and single individuals move into and out of poverty several times throughout the years in response to significant life events. Although no reliable estimate exists for the number of hardcore poverty cases, the incidence of poverty can be easily seen to vary dramatically across a number of demographic characteristics. (Ansel M. Sharp, What is Poverty? , 2010) Just imagine searching through heaping piles of refuse at landfills, looking for anything that could seem partly edible, to satisfy an unending hunger. Many people around the world face this situation every day of their lives. What could have caused a situation like this to occur? The education and skill level, health or handicap status, and discrimination play a vital role in poverty. A major factor determining whether someone will end up living in poverty, education or skill level can make or break an income. Education plays a vital role in acquiring jobs, learning new skills, and bringing home necessities and comforts of life. A person who doesn’t receive an education has a very small chance of making much money and acquiring skills that would bring home a desirable income. Many who do not have an education bring their family into a cycle of poverty, where their posterity doesn’t necessarily have the income to go to college or even don’t have a desire to acquire a high school diploma. Poverty rates are higher among families with only one parent or head of household present. Poverty is also related to age, those very young and those very old have higher rates of poverty than those in their prime and middle-age years. The economic cause of poverty is family incomes depend on the quantities of resources that families can place in employment and the prices received for those resources. To understand poverty, then, it is important to understand what determines the prices paid for human and capital resources and what determines the quantities that can be employed. Under competitive market conditions, the basic principle of wage rate determination is that units of any kind of labor tend to be paid a price equal to any one worker’s contribution to an employer’s total receipts. In other words, workers are paid about what they are worth to employers. What a worker is worth to an employer is referred to by economists as the marginal revenue product of labor. (Ansel M. Sharp, The Economic Causes of Poverty, 2010) Market discrimination may be traced to two primary sources. These are the power to discriminate in the market and the desire to discriminate. In our complex market economy, the wages of workers vary widely. Even workers hired by the same employer to perform similar jobs are often paid different wage rates. The meaning of wage discrimination is clear enough: unequal pay for equal contributions. But proving discrimination depends on being able to distinguish among individuals on the basis of individual efforts and productivity. Generally, humans are paid pproximately what they are worth in a competitive economy. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Employment discrimination means that some people are not hired because of non-economic characteristics such as race or gender. Two individuals with the same training, education, and experience apply for a job, however one is black and one is white. If both do not have the same chance of getting the job, discrimination has entered into the decision-making process. There is a growing belief that discriminatory differences in pay, especially gender differences in pay, occur largely because of occupational segregation. In general, men work in occupations that employ very few women, and women work in occupations that employ very few men. The economic results of occupational segregation for women are low wages. Women are often relegated to occupations where productivity and experience have little to do with their status and where opportunities for overtime and premium pay are limited. Price discrimination occurs when people of different races or genders are forced to pay different prices for the same good or service, provided the differences are not due to differences in cost of serving the consumer. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) It may seem that racism and discrimination doesn’t exist anymore in the US, with the election of an African American as president, but discrimination still harbors here. To see discrimination first hand, just travel south a few hundred miles where pickup trucks still have the Confederate flag painted on their cabs and many houses have a Confederate flag flying, which a minority in the area views as racist. Discrimination has played a huge role in shaping economies and creating poverty; women, for instance, still reflect a small portion of engineering and higher income job percentages. A report from http://www. yemenpost. net/23/Reports/20081. htm says that women have a 600 percent higher unemployment rate and receive, at average, 13 percent less money than men do while having the same occupations and getting the same work done. Discrimination still affects the poverty rate and unemployment. Design a proposed economic policy solution to the problem. According to text, there are two approaches and only the government can really solve this problem to easing poverty. First, the productivity of the employable poor can be increased. This can be accomplished through ubsidized education of the children of the poor, adult training and education programs, counseling and guidance, job placement programs, and the elimination of discrimination. Second, a minimum annual income can be guaranteed. Income-support programs are required to aid those who are unproductive and those who have low productivity. (Ansel M. Sharp, Government Attempts To Allievate Poverty, 2010) Dr. Martin L uther King said it best, his exact words are; â€Å"two conditions are indispensable if we are to ensure that the guaranteed income operates as a consistently progressive measure. First, it must be pegged to the median income of society, not the lowest levels of income. To guarantee an income at the floor would simply perpetuate welfare standards and freeze into the society poverty conditions. Second, the guaranteed income must be dynamic; it must automatically increase as the total social income grows. Were it permitted to remain static under growth conditions, the recipients would suffer a relative decline. If periodic reviews disclose that the whole national income has risen, then the guaranteed income would have to be adjusted upward by the same percentage. Without these safeguards a creeping retrogression would occur, nullifying the gains of security and stability. This proposal is not a civil rights program, in the sense that that term is currently used. The program would benefit all the poor, no matter what race you are. He hoped that both race would act in coalition to effect this change, because their combined strength will be necessary to overcome the fierce opposition we must realistically anticipate. Our nations adjustment to a new mode of thinking will be facilitated if we realize that for nearly forty years two groups in our society have already been enjoying a guaranteed income. Indeed, it is a symptom of our confused social values that these two groups turn out to be the richest and the poorest. The wealthy who own securities have always had an assured income; and their polar opposite, the relief client, has been guaranteed an income, however miniscule, through welfare benefits. † (Jr. , 1967) Having said that; economists, social workers, and the general public alike widely criticized the old welfare system. This criticism was grounded in the frustration of growing budget requirements for programs that did not appear to reduce the rate of poverty. Policy Recommendation free essay sample The difficulty with any definition of poverty involves the meaning of minimum needs and the amount of money required to satisfy these needs. (Ansel M. Sharp, 2010) Those in poverty sometimes face an additional obstacle to earning an adequate income. Discrimination as we use it means that equals are treated unequally or that the ‘unequal’s are treated equally. Discrimination exists in the labor market when people with equal productivity are paid different wages or people with differences in productivity are paid equal wages. Discrimination can also exist in the product market when consumers pay different prices for the same product. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Discuss the major impact to society of the problem. In 2001, some six-point-eight million families, or nine-point-two percent of all families, lived in poverty. This translates into more than thirty-two-point-nine million individuals, a staggering number to many Americans who have never been personally touched by poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Recommendation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, some have characterized those who live in poverty as the hidden poor. Studies have shown that there is a significant turnover in the poverty population: Families and single individuals move into and out of poverty several times throughout the years in response to significant life events. Although no reliable estimate exists for the number of hardcore poverty cases, the incidence of poverty can be easily seen to vary dramatically across a number of demographic characteristics. (Ansel M. Sharp, What is Poverty? , 2010) Just imagine searching through heaping piles of refuse at landfills, looking for anything that could seem partly edible, to satisfy an unending hunger. Many people around the world face this situation every day of their lives. What could have caused a situation like this to occur? The education and skill level, health or handicap status, and discrimination play a vital role in poverty. A major factor determining whether someone will end up living in poverty, education or skill level can make or break an income. Education plays a vital role in acquiring jobs, learning new skills, and bringing home necessities and comforts of life. A person who doesn’t receive an education has a very small chance of making much money and acquiring skills that would bring home a desirable income. Many who do not have an education bring their family into a cycle of poverty, where their posterity doesn’t necessarily have the income to go to college or even don’t have a desire to acquire a high school diploma. Poverty rates are higher among families with only one parent or head of household present. Poverty is also related to age, those very young and those very old have higher rates of poverty than those in their prime and middle-age years. The economic cause of poverty is family incomes depend on the quantities of resources that families can place in employment and the prices received for those resources. To understand poverty, then, it is important to understand what determines the prices paid for human and capital resources and what determines the quantities that can be employed. Under competitive market conditions, the basic principle of wage rate determination is that units of any kind of labor tend to be paid a price equal to any one worker’s contribution to an employer’s total receipts. In other words, workers are paid about what they are worth to employers. What a worker is worth to an employer is referred to by economists as the marginal revenue product of labor. (Ansel M. Sharp, The Economic Causes of Poverty, 2010) Market discrimination may be traced to two primary sources. These are the power to discriminate in the market and the desire to discriminate. In our complex market economy, the wages of workers vary widely. Even workers hired by the same employer to perform similar jobs are often paid different wage rates. The meaning of wage discrimination is clear enough: unequal pay for equal contributions. But proving discrimination depends on being able to distinguish among individuals on the basis of individual efforts and productivity. Generally, humans are paid pproximately what they are worth in a competitive economy. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Employment discrimination means that some people are not hired because of non-economic characteristics such as race or gender. Two individuals with the same training, education, and experience apply for a job, however one is black and one is white. If both do not have the same chance of getting the job, discrimination has entered into the decision-making process. There is a growing belief that discriminatory differences in pay, especially gender differences in pay, occur largely because of occupational segregation. In general, men work in occupations that employ very few women, and women work in occupations that employ very few men. The economic results of occupational segregation for women are low wages. Women are often relegated to occupations where productivity and experience have little to do with their status and where opportunities for overtime and premium pay are limited. Price discrimination occurs when people of different races or genders are forced to pay different prices for the same good or service, provided the differences are not due to differences in cost of serving the consumer. (Ansel M.

University of Arkansas at Monticello Admissions

University of Arkansas at Monticello Admissions University of Arkansas at Monticello Admissions Overview: The University of Arkansas at Monticello has open admissions, meaning that all interested students have the chance to study there if they meet minimum application standards. Those interested in attending will need to submit an application, high school transcripts, and scores from the SAT or ACT. Admissions Data (2016): University of Arkansas at Monticello Acceptance Rate: -University of Arkansas at Monticello has open admissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -Whats a good SAT score?Compare SAT scores for Arkansas collegesACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -Whats a good ACT score?Compare ACT scores for Arkansas colleges University of Arkansas at Monticello Description: Founded in 1909, the University of Arkansas at Monticello is a public, four-year institution located in Monticello, Arkansas. Little Rock is about 90 miles to the north. The school has small branch campuses at Crossett and McGehee. The university offers a wide range of academic programs at the associate, bachelors, and masters degree levels, as well as about 30 professional certifications. Academics are supported by a 17 / 1 student / faculty ratio, and the school takes pride in the personal attention students receive. The schools attractive campus includes a pond, farm land, and woods. In fact, UAM has achieved Tree Campus USA status every year since 2010, and the university is proud of the main campuss 1,433 trees representing 80 different species. UAM has the only School of Forestry in Arkansas, and over a thousand acres of the schools 1,600-acre campus are forest land used for research and instruction. Athletics are popular at UAM. Intramural sports include racquetball, bowling, billiards, wallyball, volleyball, and dodgeball. On the intercollegiate front, the UAM Weevils compete in the NCAA Division II  Great American Conference. Enrollment (2015): Total Enrollment: 3,643  (3,428 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 43% Male / 57% Female62% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $7,210  (in-state); $13,060 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $6,338Other Expenses: $3,600Total Cost: $18,348  (in-state); $24,198 (out-of-state) University of Arkansas at Monticello Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 97%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 95%Loans: 60%Average Amount of AidGrants: $7,649Loans: $5,168 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Agriculture, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, General Studies,  Health and Physical Education,  P-4 Early Childhood Education Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 52%Transfer Out Rate: 20%4-Year Graduation Rate: 12%6-Year Graduation Rate: 18% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Basketball, Baseball, Track and Field, Golf, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Golf, Softball, Track and Field, Volleyball, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like University of Arkansas at Monticello, You May Also Like These Schools: Arkansas Tech UniversityHenderson State UniversityUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockUniversity of Central Arkansas (UCA)University of Arkansas at Fort SmithUniversity of Arkansas at FayettevilleHarding UniversityLyon CollegeHendrix CollegeGrambling State University

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRACT Coursework

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRACT - Coursework Example The insurance also covers some liabilities that arise in cases where there is a collision with another ship and also the liability for colliding with other objects (FFO-Fixed and Floating Objects). Typically, claims under Hull and Machinery insurance include, total loss of the ship; damage to ship, engines and equipments; explosions and fires; groundings; collisions; and striking other objects. The scope of the type of damages covered by Hull and Machinery Insurance has been defined by International Hull Clauses (IHC). In clause 2.1.6, it states that HM & I covers the losses caused to the ship due to â€Å"contact with land conveyance, dock or harbor equipment or Installation.†1 There are certain risks and liabilities that are not covered under Hull and Machinery insurance. A prudent ship-owner may look to get insurance cover for liabilities to third parties. Such liabilities might arise due to a third party’s legal or contractual claim against the ship. P & I insurance is arranged by entering the ship into a mutual insurance association which is usually referred to as a â€Å"club†. All the members of this club are ship-owners. Therefore, the P & I club is only answerable to its members. A Marine Insurance company, on the other hand, is answerable to its shareholders. P & I clubs provide insurance covers for much broader risks than the Hull and Machinery insurance schemes. When a ship has an accident due to the perils of the sea, Hull & Machinery insurance provides cover for the loss that has occurred to the ship. There are many other things that are connected with the ship. The crew of the ship, the employees, may also get hurt and claim compensation for their injuries. Also, the owner of the cargo that may have been carried in the ship would also claim for his loss against the ship-owner. Hull & Machinery insurance does not provide cover for such liabilities to third parties. However, the ship-owner can get protection from such claims by pursuing P & I insurance. As far as the liability to the owner of the cargo is concerned, the cargo owner has a first claim against the carrier. The cargo owner may not succeed in his claim because either the ship-owner was not responsible for the loss or he is protected under Hague-Visby2 rules. In such cases, the cargo owner claims compensation from his insurer under Cargo Insurance. By the right of subrogation, the insurer, after compensating his client, would be able to pursue the claim in his own right against the carrier. To avoid this claim against him, the carrier seeks the services of P & I club. This means that the same cargo can be insured twice. P & I clubs also settle the claims against the ship-owner when the crew is injured. There can be other â€Å"Third† parties that can have legal or contractual claims against the ship-owner. P & I insurance addresses all of those claims. There are risks that are not covered by P & I insurance because they are covered by an other form of insurance. In relation to Hull & Machinery Insurance, P & I insurance is able to cover almost all the risks that H & M leaves out. Even for the claims that are not fully covered by H & M insurance, the portion of the claim that is left out can be covered under P & I insurance. Therefore, P & I insurance complements Hull and Machinery insurance as the risks that are not covered by one are covered by the other. When both forms of marine insurance are

Theodore Roosevelt's philosophy of government and the programs of his Term Paper

Theodore Roosevelt's philosophy of government and the programs of his administration - Term Paper Example These images have been a long time inspiration to both the normal and disabled individuals in the country. This inspiration rather provided them more than the want to be something or at least someone who is worth the life that they were given, it also pushed them to work harder for their country. This was a very important piece of inspirational motivation to the people during the mid-20th century. Basically, people then were undergoing a huge series of social turmoil given the fact that they were passing through times of economic great depression and that of the second world war, when for so many colonies of imperialist countries such as Spain, America stood to be one of the independent giving bodies who continuously push for the establishment of democracy in the world. Yes, in physical approach, Theodore Roosevelt may have been perceived to be weak, but with the strategic utilization of his mind powers and the cooperation that the American people were readily able to provide him as support to his governance and his administrational platform that he would like to apply not only for the better standing of his own country but also for the recovery of those other government administrations of smaller countries to whom he and his administration has given independence to. 2 One of the peak issues during Theordore Roosevelt’s Presidency in America was that of the great depression that paved way to huge unemployment issues and less finances to use for the basic needs of the people. Through the establishment of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), President Roosevelt was rather able to create the necessary programs needed to produce a more systematic way of differing the situations of the country from the downfall that it is expected to face as the years of great depression was ready to take part of. The institution of this approach to the great depression provided a more instituting system that gives a chance to

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay Example for Free

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay 1. Executive Summary The aim of this report is to provide an accounting analysis of the 2011 annual report for Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), and a critique of the reporting of their performance. The report discusses the choice of accounting policies and the flexibility of these policies. The main objective of this report is to evaluate and recognise the possibility of using creative accounting within the company, recognise and questionable accounting numbers within items listed previously. A number of items have been selected from Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. 2. Overview Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), has history of 137 years with network of over 280 branches operating in Queensland. It offers core banking (commercial/retail), equipment finance, wealth management and insuranceservices. BOQ is listed on the ASX and uses its unique concept of the Owner-Managed Branch (OMB),a partnership between the Bank of Queensland (franchisor) and experienced bank managers (franchisees) to provide banking services. See more:  Capital budgeting essay 3. Description of key accounting policies and standards 3.1 Loans and advances at amortised cost (Asset) As shown on BOQ’s Balance sheet in FY11, loans and advances at amortised cost are big-ticket itemsin its assets accounting for approximately 98 per cent. According to the significant accounting policies explored by BOQ annual report 2011, loans and advances are originated by the bank and are recognised upon cash being advanced to the borrower. Based on AASB13, loans and advances are initially recognised at fair value plus incremental direct transaction cost using the effective interest method. 3.2 Deposits and borrowing (Liability) Deposits, as the one of the most important cash inflows of the bank, follow ruleAASB13 as well. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs and thenby using the effective interest method, they are measured at amortised cost. It is classified in two concentrations: retail deposits and wholesale deposits. 3.3 Employee benefits (Expense) This item follows AASB119Employee Benefits which has been amended in its accounting rules affecting the measurement of its obligations and the timing of recognition of termination benefits. Employee benefits can be classified to four categories: wages, salaries and annual leave; long service leave; superannuation plan and share based payments. 4. Flexibility of Management in Selecting the Key Accounting Policies It is undeniable that having flexiblemanagement can exert positive effects on the presentation of company’s annual financial report. Specifically, from the Bank of Queensland ´s perspective, if mangers have considerable adaptability in selecting the key accounting policies, the financial performance of Bank of Queensland Ltd can be improved; therefore more investors and customers would give priority to cooperating with them in the future. 4.1 Loan and Advances at Amortized Cost 4.1.1 Flexibility Analysis The measurement of loans and advances at amortized cost is extremelyfavourable to commercial banks. From BOQ’s consolidated financial annual report, the loan and advances at amortized cost accounted for around 83.3% of total assets in 2011, it had increased from 31,736,5 million to 33,276,1 million during 2010 to 2011. This change in $1539, 6 million was caused by impairment charges made by managers of the bank. The increase of loans and advances at amortized cost could enhance the customers trust in the bank. Sincefinancial funds, credit business and debts are the core business transaction of the banking industry, this itemappears to increase receivable accounts. Also, as banks could charge a reasonable rate of interest on such future loans/advances, they are able utilizethis income to pay current liabilities, wage and salaries of employees, and also the tax liability of business. Consequently, the BOQ’s managers have selected a flexible accounting policy in this item. 4.1.2 Accounting policies analysis Being dominant in the assets, loans and advances at amortized cost carries the burden of generating cash. The way that Bank of Queensland recognizes loans and advances at amortized cost can be separated to two phases. Initially, loans are recognized at fair value plus incremental direct transaction costs. Secondly, BOQ uses effective interest method to measure the amortized cost at each reporting date. The advantage of this accounting policy is that including direct transaction cost in the loan price can offset the actual transaction cost occurred and maximize the profit for the bank. Additionally, the effective interest method is considered as one of the prior methods for amortizing a bond discount. Theoretically, investors require a discount on bonds because the market interest rate at the time of issue is higher than the coupon payments on the bond. Therefore, by amortizing the discount at the market interest rate, accounting statement of Bank of Queensland will exactly reveal the economic reality of the bond issue and its true cost of debt. 4.2Deposits and Borrowing 4.2.1 Flexibility Analysis Due to the characteristics of banking industry, there is a high flexibility for management in these two liabilities. It is noticeable that deposits and borrowing accounted for about 97% of total liabilities on the balance sheet. Occupying 69% of total deposits, managers pay more attention to Retail Banking Services because of itsattractiveness to customers compared to other types of deposits. 4.2.2 Accounting Policies Analysis This policy states that securitization set-up costs relating to on-balance sheet assets are included with securitization borrowings, and amortization is recorded as interest expense. Initially, excluding off-balance sheet costs makes the liability much smaller and enlarges their net assets. Likewise, interest on debt is a tax-deductible expense and creates a tax shield benefiting Bank of Queensland. The major function for this policy is to save cash flows for BOQ. 4.3 Employee Benefits 4.3.1 Flexibility Analysis Employee expenses mainly consist of share based payments and employee benefits. All of these kinds of financial activities are beneficialto BOQ.The result from increasing incentives to employees applies as it encourages them to performenthusiasticallywhicheventuallyleads to higher profits for the firm. 4.3.2 Accounting policy analysis Among Employee Benefits, shared based payments are distinguished. The accounting policy demonstrates that Bank of Queensland allows employees to acquire its shares, options and rights sold recognized in the Employee Benefits Reserve. This expense could be reversed if the loss is not due to a market condition. This is highly beneficial as it encourages employees to purchase shares of their own company but, on the other hand, as more shares are sold, the higher price rises in the stock exchange. 5. Quality of Disclosure Made in BOQ Accounts The quality of disclosure in the BOQ ´s policies, strategy, performance and financial statements and reports is satisfactory as it provides accessible, transparent and fairly justified information. As the BOQ is a listed company, it has to comply with all ASX disclosure policies and reporting but in addition it also complies with the ASX Corporate Governance Recommendations as well as the Australian Prudential Standards (APS) (Profit Announcement 2011). In the profit announcement report for 2011, BOQ discloses a number of disclosure principles which include management, board structure, ethical and responsible decision making, financial reporting, timely and balanced disclosure, respect rights of shareholders, recognize and manage risk, remuneration. 5.1 Business Strategy and Economic Consequences The business strategy and economic consequences are disclosed in the notes to the annual report in terms of the risk management of the company. As it explains in these notes the bank approach is to manage its risk in terms of credit risk, market risk, liquidity, operational risk, compliance policies and capital management. As it states in the annual report there is a high level of assessment and monitoring of these risks in order to follow the company ´s strategy. 5.2 Notes to the Financial Statements – Explanation of Policies The notes to the financial statements and reports do provide an explanation to the bank ´s management policies. According to the 2011 Annual Report these policies provide effectiveness and efficiency in terms of managing the risks described above as well as creating controls to support growth and competitive advantage. An example of these policies in 2011 was a strong expense management which lead them to reduce their cost-to-income ratio from 45.8% to 44.5%. Moreover, these policies provide regulatory compliance as well as performance management. 5.3 Explanation of Current Performance BOQ through its yearly Profit Announcement Report clearly explains its current performance in terms of its principal activities. It states its current level of profitability and the main reasons for any losses. As well as these profit or losses explanations the report shows explanations for changes in expenses, asset growth, retail deposit growth, branch network expansion and capital management. 5.4 Accounting / Financial Rules In terms of financial conventions that restrict the firm as a banking institution, the main one is the Basel II Accord in which the bank is obligated to maintain capital adequacy requirements. In the 2011 Annual report is mentioned that Tier 1 capital made up of equity capital and disclosed reserves was higher than required by Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). Moreover, AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures is additionally disclosed in order to understand the impact on the firm. Moreover it discloses all its consolidated statements for all subsidiaries of the group following all consolidation standards. 5.5 Segment Disclosure The quality of the segment disclosure for BOQ is sufficient as it discloses its two operating segments, and since the bank operates only in Queensland, it does not need geographical segmentation. It discloses the high level metrics for both of the banking and insurance segments as well as consolidated totals (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). Also, following consolidation requirements it eliminates inter-company transactions (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). 6. Questionable Accounting Numbers The most important and questionable numbers can be seen in the yearly Profit Announcement where BOQ announced a net loss after tax of 90.6 million AUD. The explanation for this loss was attributed to significant impairment charges. As the income analysis shows that the company made a reasonable operating income loss, but the large part of the loss was due to a revision of their commercial loans and provisioning approach. They decided to increase these specific commercial loan provisions more than close to 90 million due to the continuous decline in commercial property in Queensland. Along with loan impairments, the bank also impaired a substantial amount of assets, also because of the decline if commercial property. Furthermore in the Directors Report in 2011 there were some potential red flags regarding remuneration. As the bank went through a restructure last year there were a number of high level managerial positions that changed in this period. During this transition there were a number of payments classified as  ´others` that did not have a clear explanation. An example of this includes a payment of half a million dollars to the previous CEO to  ´ensure a smooth transition` between him and the newly appointed CEO. While taking into account the Director ´s report is audited by KPMG, this payment seemed excessive. 7. Undone Distortions Based on previous parts, the conclusion has arrived that BOQ suffered net loss of $90.6 million because of the tremendous growth in impairment loss. The footnote disclosures in the Profit Announcement provide the composition of the impairment loss. According to note 11, loan impairment expenses totalled $327.7 million. $165.7 million of this amount is specific provision impairment and the rest $162 million relates to collective provision. Moreover, impairment loss for assets also amounts to $578.7 million. Note 4suggests that BOQ ´s management increase its impairment loss based on their estimates of dropping commercial property market. However, this estimate comes from historical experience and professional judgment. In contrast, the estimate might be different from actual results. Therefore, distortions may arise resulting from overstated impairment loss. In order to undo the distortion, the impairment loss should have been adjusted to a lower level with fewer provisions. 8. Financial Press Discussions Even before the Profit Announcement of BOQ came out, many financial reporters foresaw the net loss of BOQ resulting from increasing impairment loss. The downturns in tourism and recent natural disasters impacted Queensland’s economy negatively, and the conditions in Queensland were expected to remain challenging in the future because of strong Australian dollar. As a result, for BOQ a company that is highly exposed to Queensland housing market, the current poor performance of might not change in short term.Following by the poor performance, BOQ isnow struggling to keep regulators happy and keep its capital at acceptable level. On 26 March 2012, BOQ announced aequity rising of $450 million. However, by doing this, the existing shareholders of BOQ will be heavily diluted and it will cause its share price to drop significantly.

The Food of the Gods Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Food of the Gods For over 2000 years, chocolate in its many forms has been enjoyed and its effects have been exalted. It was believed that the Mexican god Quetzalcoatl left the cocoa tree for the people. The Aztec emperor Montezuma is reported to have consumed 50 goblets of chocolate a day. It is called "the food of the gods," literally, as a translation of Theobroma Cacao, the cacao bean. (1). Such a title must imply that chocolate has some naturally occurring superior quality. Why else would we crave it so much more than other foods? For many people, nothing can take the place of chocolate when a craving hits. Chocolate and cocoa have very complex chemical properties and many components. Among the most researched components of chocolate which are thought to have an effect on craving and addiction are fat, theobromine, caffeine, and salsolinol. (2). Fat and sugar are substances naturally craved by the body, and thus although they may play a role in the allure of chocolate, they cannot be responsible for its appeal over other sweets. The caffeine in chocolate is sometimes implicated as part of its addictive properties. However, the amount of caffeine contained in one ounce of chocolate is about 5-35 milligrams, compared to the 140 milligrams found in a cup of brewed coffee. This does not discount the idea that caffeine plays a role in the appeal of chocolate, more likely it compounds the effect of other components. (3). Theobromine, similar to caffeine but present in larger amounts in chocolate, is less potent than caffeine yet still may retain stimulatory effects in large amounts of chocolate. Concentrations of theobromine vary in different chocolate products, and its effect on humans through chocolate has not... ...e.com/chocolate.htm 3) Does cocoa have caffeine in it?, International Cocoa Organization. http://www.icco.org/questions/caffeine.htm 4) Theobromine: Chocolate's Caffeine Cousin . http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/?once=true& 5) In vitro pharmacological activity of the tetrahydroisoquinoline salsolinol present in products from Theobroma cacao like cocoa and chocolate.. http://hub.elsevier.com/pii/S0378874100002919 6) Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters . http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/6/1206?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=drewnowski&searchid=QID_NOT_SET&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX= 7) Psychological and Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Food "Addiction". http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/40004278/ABSTRACT

Effects of Bio fuels on the Environment Essay

Bio fuel is a type of fuel that is made out of both living or lifeless biological material and specifically, the plants as per the definition given by Shepardson, (2009). According to Shepardson, most bio fuels are in the form of esters, alcohols among others and a good example of this type of fuel is bio ethanol and bio diesel. This fuel is mostly used in vehicles and for it to be considered as a bio fuel according to Connor Steve (2008), it must consist of about 80% of renewable materials. The production of this kind of fuel has been said to be impacting negatively on the environment however though this is the case, the benefits of bio fuels cannot be dismissed altogether. As a result of this disagreement, a lot of discussions have been held over this issue something that has polarized the society between those who argue that it does not impact negatively on the environment and those that maintain that it does. This becomes the basis of this essay where the paper will take a stand and support the claims that indeed bio fuels impact negatively on the environment. According to Mongobay. com (2008), there are various types of bio fuels and one of these is E10 which over time has been greatly improved in terms of quality in that initially it contained about 90 percent of petroleum and 10 percent of ethanol but of late it is called E100 because it is almost made up of ethanol alone and about 4 percent of water. The invention of this type of fuel according to Shepardson (2009) is something that has greatly revolutionised the transport industry. These fuels have particularly been cited as one of the best ways to reduce green house gas emissions unlike it is the case with other types of fuel especially fossil fuels. Even though they are praised for this, the negative environmental consequences they have are innumerable. One of these effects according to a scientific study that was conducted in 2008 contradicts the alleged potential of this fuel to reduce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide among others; this is as per the Mongobay. com (2008). As per this study, Mongobay. com (2008) argues that growing crops with an aim of producing bio fuel leads to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This claim according to the Green Website. co. uk is given weight by reports that were published in a science journal known as Journal Science that showed that plants that are specifically grown for the production of this fuel produce more carbon dioxide than what these plants can naturally absorb. According to these scientists Mongobay (2008), it would take decades to reverse the trend or to balance what they termed as ‘carbon debt’. Or in other words the amount of oxygen released to the atmosphere in the course of growing these crops and is yet to be absorbed. The US and the European Union have particularly been on the forefront in propagating the idea for the production of biomass as the surest way of controlling global warming (Shepardson, 2009). According to Shepardson this has forced researchers from all over the world who aims at protecting the environment to conduct researches in their bid to understand better how this would impact on the environment. One of the researches that were conducted as per the report compiled by Connor, (2008) shown that clearing Amazon’s forested land to grow soybeans would create a carbon debt that would take 319 years to be restored not mentioning the magnitude in which forests and bushes would be destroyed to grow these crops Production of biomass is labour intensive and requires a big land according to Sawahei (2009), what this means is that a lot of bushes and forests are cleared to produce raw materials for bio fuel thereby leaving the ground with no cover thereby increasing the possibility of soil erosion taking place. To Sawahei, the world requires large tracts of land for it to feed its population now amounting over six billions. By growing biomass as an alternative source of fuel would require more land that what is needed for growing crops as per the Action for Global Health (2008) and eventually there will be no natural vegetations as all land will either have been cultivated for crop production or biomass production or both. According to the Action for Global Health (2008), this greatly destroys the environment considering that vegetation cover protects soil erosion and again it is a habitat to millions of animal species (Sawahei, 2009). Apart from this, the risk of polluting water sources with phosphates and nitrates from fertilizers that are applied to boost crop production are very high (Biofuel, 2003). Water is also polluted by chemicals that are used in the production of biomass such as pesticides sprayed to get rid of pests that attack and destroy these plants. These chemicals not only pollute water but they also kill micro organisms present in the soil that in one way or the other keep the eco system working (Action for Global Health. 2008). Rogercopenh (2008) contends that by the United States embarking on campaigns to push for the use of bio fuels might mislead many third world countries into substituting land meant for growing food crops for biomass production because of the money this business would bring. According to Rogercopenh (2008) this might in turn lead to the encroachment of forests and other natural habitats which are home to millions of wild animals. It should also not be forgotten that when this green matter is harvested, there are chances that some will rot thereby producing a very bad smell and apart from rotting, some of these plants produce bad odour naturally and thus they are an environmental hazard in that they pollute the air. As per the evidence given by Franke and Reinherdt (1998), Bio fuel also kills biodiversity in terms of the variety of plants growing in a field. For biomass to be produced in large quantity, enough to keep the world going, then its production must be professionally done. What this means according to Franke and Reinherdt (1998) is that a whole field is filled with only one type of plants leading to what is known as monoculture and by doing this, other types of plants are not given a chance to grow something that indirectly leads to their extinction (Franke and Reinherdt, 1998). In doing this according to Randooke (2009), animal are also not spared in that deforestation must take place, grasslands must be cleared and wetlands are destroyed. The truth is that these areas are habitat to many species of animals and thus what this means is that these species will be killed while others are displaced. Trees naturally preserve water catchments areas and thus when land is prepared for the cultivation these reserves are destroyed (Randooke, 2009). According to the Action for Global Health, (2008) the whole bio fuel production process requires a lot of energy and basically the type of energy that is used is fossil fuel. The argument raised by the Action for Global Health (2008) is that the amount of carbon that is emitted by burning bio fuels is absorbed by crops that are grown purposely for bio fuels production but the problem is that the amount of carbon that is emitted during their production considering that carbon emitted during planting, spraying, treating and harvesting season where machines that uses fossil fuels is not cleared from the air. This claim is supported by Sawahei, (2009) who argues that even after these crops are harvested, more carbon is emitted to the atmosphere in that coal or other forms of fossil fuels such as gas are used to heat the raw materials that are used in the production of bio fuels. Though bio fuels are heavily criticised in that they cause serious negative environmental ramifications according to Connor (2008), there are other various researches that have been done which prove otherwise. Researches show that production of other forms of fuel such as fossil fuel leads to the release of more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than it is the case with bio fuels (Science for environmental policy, 2008). One research that strongly supports this claim is the one that was done in the United Kingdom. According to the same source, what they call first generation process Life Cycle Analysis, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by over sixty percent unlike other forms. As per Biofuels (2003), the second generation process carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by over 80 percent. Generally according to this report, carbon dioxide emissions can be saved by an average of about 50 to 60 percent. Another advantage of using this kind of fuel according to the Greencar website (2009) is that bio fuel does not contain sulphur which is one of the main components that causes acid rains. Also considering that it is made by bio degradable materials, its chances of destroying the soil are low unlike other fuels such as fossil fuels which contaminate water sources and destroy soil when they leak into them (Science for environmental policy, 2008). In consideration of the massive evidence that is provided here above, one is justified to say that biofuels are an environmental hazard. There are a lot of researches that have been done by different researchers and most of them point to the fact that the production of bio fuels produces many effects that in one way or the other destroys the eco system for example, fertilizers that are applied on crops meant to produce biomass releases phosphates and nitrates thereby destroying soil and water. Another way through which biofuels destroys the environment is that despite the fact that a lot of forests and bushes have already been cleared for crop production, more land is snow needed for biomass production something that leads to soil erosion due clearance of bushes and the destruction of habitats that are home to many species. This indirectly leads to the extinction of these species whether plant or animals. Bibliography: Action for Global Health. 2008. New study demonstrates bio fuels negative impact on poverty, hunger and environment. Available at http://docs. google. com/gview? a=v&q=cache:elry2KJk0UgJ:ec. europa. eu/environ ment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/1si4. pdf+biofuels+,+negative+impacts+,e nvironment&hl=en&gl=ke Biofuel, 2003. Bio diesel Impacts on the environment. http://www. biofuelus. com/biofuel/biodiesel/biodiesel-impact-on-the- environment. php Connor Steve, 2008. Biofuels make climate change worse, Scientific Study concludes. Available at http://www. independent. co. uk/environment/climate-change/biofuels- make-climate-change-worse-scientific-study-concludes-779811. html

Conceptualizing Addiction Paper - 1038 Words

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